一、时态讲解：现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have+过去分词构成，助动词have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式Ihavenot(haven’t)studied….Youhavenot(haven’t)studied….Hehasnot(hasn’t)studied….疑问式HaveIstudied…?Haveyoustudied…?Hashestudied…?否定疑问式简单回答（肯定/否定）HaveInot(Haven’tI)studied…?Yes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.Haveyounot(Haven’tyou)studied…?Hashenot(Hasn’the)studied…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefore.我肯定我们以前见过面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently,already,just,lately,for…,since…,yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.这些日子我没有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.最近我们没有见到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.★注意：a)since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。Exercise:用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIreland______Monday.JillhasbeeninIreland______threedays.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia______15days.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o'clock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting______20minutes.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.since2.for3.for4.since5.since6.for7.for8.since2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：Hehascomeherefor2weeks.×Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.×Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.×以上三句话可以改为：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhas_____________for4months.Theyhave__________onlyfor5minutes2）have(has)been和have(has)gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have(has)been”;表示“已经去某地”要用“have(has)gone”。试比较：Wherehashebeen?他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Wherehashegone?他上哪儿去了？（人不在）TheyhavebeentoCanada.他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）TheyhavegonetoCanada.他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大））现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein，但可以和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等连用。例如：Shehasalreadycome.她已经来了。Ihaven’treadityet.我还没读过这个。Ihavemethimbefore.我从前曾见过他。MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.马红一直是个好学生。Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我经常在街上看见他。TheyhaveneverbeentoYan’an.他们从未去过延安。Ihaven'tseenhimlately.我近来没看到他。BaseFormPastFormPastParticipleIrregularVerbsbearbeatbecomeblowbringbuildbuycatchchooseborebeatbecameblewbroughtbuiltboughtcaughtchosebornbeatenbecomeblownbroughtbuiltboughtcaughtchosencomedodrinkdriveeatfallfindflygetgivegogrowhavehearkeepleavelosemakeputreadrunsayseesellsendsingsinktaketeachwriteam,isarecamediddrankdroveatefellfoundflewgotgavewentgrewhadheardkeptleftlostmadeputreadransaidsawsoldsentsangsank/sunktooktaughtwrotewaswerecomedonedrunkdriveneatenfallenfoundflowngotgivengonegrownhadheardkeptleftlostmadeputreadrunsaidseensoldsentsungsunktakentaughtwrotebeenbeenExercise:I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?1.have,seen,saw2.Has,finished3.has,come4.hasgone5.haveworked,moved6.havemade7.have,stayed8.have,finished9.goes10.have,found11.is12.werereading13.isclimbing14.iscoming15.Have,seenII.Choosethebestanswer.Howlonghaveyou_______here?A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been2.Mygrandpadied_________.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.Janehas_____toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet6.--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had7.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned8.TheSmiths_______inChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live9.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He______theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto10.--____youever____totheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,goingIII.Rewritethesentences.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)I__________________beentoMacaubefore.Hehasn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)_____________hecometoschool?3.Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)I____just____anewbike.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)We________English____threeyears5.Hehasneversurfed,______________?（改成反意疑问句）6.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)______________havetheybeenhere?7.Theoldman_________lastyear.Hehas______________forayear.(die)（动词填空）8.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGaohas_______________________anhourago.Askthequestions1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?3)Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________they__________abook?
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